Around the Arx aesulana the first human inhabitants were born ‘the future city of Rocca di Papa. The Arx aesulana represented the emblem and power of the city of Cabum There from arrived the name of Monte Albano which was subsequently known as Monte Cavo. On top of this was the majestic temple of Jove Laziale. The soldiers, the heroes and the meritious of the country, went to the temple of Jove Laziale taking the Via Sacra although divided is still preserved in an excellent state, from the ancient Via Appia towards the Mountain. But the city of Cabum had to face the same fate of the others Latin cities. In successive centuries the ancient Arx was given the name of “Rocca de Monte gavo “ and of “Castrum de Montis albani”. In the end the inhabitants gave the name of Rocca di Papa (Popes Rock) in honour of Pope Eugene III (1145 1152) who stayed there to indicate that it was under the jurisdiction of the Holy See. The building of the new castle, built on the ruins of Arx, were also attributed to Eugene III After being under Roman Authorities, Rocca di Papa passed to the families of Annibaldi, the Colonna, and the Borgia. The Rocca was dismantled by Pier Luigi Farnese, during the pontificate of Pope Paul III and immediately rebuilt under Pope Paul IV. In 1855 the inhabitants rebelled against the exorbitant taxes imposed by Princes Colonna and on 1st May declared the Republic of Rocca di Papa. The Pope’s army very quickly retook control of the situation and made 17 arrests. The bishop of Frascati removed the last ruins of the temple and in the 18th century erected a monastery in which he established first Polish religious and then the Spanish and Dutch Holy Trinity Fathers. In 1889 the monastery was turned into a hotel. .